{"id":1541,"date":"2021-05-10T05:22:04","date_gmt":"2021-05-10T05:22:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/internationalequineinformation.com\/?page_id=1541"},"modified":"2021-05-10T21:37:03","modified_gmt":"2021-05-10T21:37:03","slug":"history-chaar-horse","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/internationalequineinformation.com\/en\/history-chaar-horse\/","title":{"rendered":"History of the Chaar Horse"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]Everyone knows the history of the Appaloosa horse, which was bred in North America by the Nez Perce tribe, but how the spotted horse got to the American mainland is still a big question and a topic of heated debate among lovers and admirers of this beautiful breed.<\/p>\n

In this article, I would like to share my vision and the results of my research and research, which were carried out with the assistance of my friends\u00a0ConorWoodman, Scott\u00a0Engstrom\u00a0and\u00a0Dr.Gus\u00a0Cothran\u00a0(USA), for which I express my deepest gratitude.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The spotted horse –\u00a0Chaar\u00a0(in the Kyrgyz language) has been bred since ancient times by the Kyrgyz nomads, which is considered one of the most ancient nations, with a large and very interesting nomadic culture. The ancient Kyrgyz roamed from one place to another in search of better pastures for livestock. The harsh conditions of nomadic life taught the nomads the selection of domesticated cattle, who could survive in\u00a0harsh climatic conditions and\u00a0support long distances of roaming.<\/p>\n

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It’s no secret that the spotted horse meets all these requirements. The horse served as a transport, a loyal combat friend, nomads used horse milk and meat.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Based on historical data, the territory of the Kyrgyz Khanate was huge from Siberia, Altai\u00a0mountains\u00a0to Central Asia. The main center of nomadic culture is the\u00a0territory of the Altai\u00a0mountains\u00a0(Russia), from where nomads\u00a0spreaded\u00a0in different directions to\u00a0Yakutia, Siberia, Kazakh steppes,\u00a0Tien Shan mountains (Kyrgyzstan) and,\u00a0of course, to the American\u00a0land through the Bering Strait. Of course, the nomads needed to have hardy horses, which are spotted horses.\u00a0Today, studying the spreading\u00a0area of \u200b\u200bthe spotted horse, we can trace and\u00a0recreate very interesting historical data of the nomadic people and the connection between them.<\/p>\n

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I deeply believe\u00a0that the horse itself could not get to the American mainland, the horse moved there together with the people. Scant studies of American Indian folklore and Kyrgyz\u00a0folklore indicate that they\u00a0have\u00a0common\u00a0cultural values \u200b\u200bsuch as: patterns on carpets, some traditions and beliefs, the similarity of some words. In 2012, genetic studies were also carried out by Professor Gus\u00a0Cothran\u00a0(watch the movie true appaloosa), where he finds the similarity of the genotype of the American Appaloosa and the Kyrgyz spotted horse.<\/p>\n

Below is the conclusion of Professor Gus\u00a0Cothran:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The KYRGYZSTAN Horse genetically is one of the central Asian horses that include the Mongolian horse, the\u00a0Yakutian\u00a0Horse and the Altai horses.\u00a0 These horses are distinct from the more western\/Middle Eastern breeds such as the Arabian,\u00a0Akhal\u00a0Teke\u00a0and Turkoman, although overall these horses are more related to each other than they are to horse breeds from Europe.\u00a0 Of course this statement is based upon the sample of 30\u00a0Kyrgystan\u00a0horses that we sampled in 2012 and does not represent the whole of the horses of this nation or the region.\u00a0 However, the consistency of the relationships based upon geography and history indicates that the horses that we have tested of the type of horses that would be found in the region.\u00a0 The genetic diversity of the\u00a0Kyrg\u00a0horse is good, being just slightly higher than the average level for domestic horses, but is indicative of a predominantly closed breeding population and not a mixed group of diverse horse types.\u00a0 About half the horses tested showed the Leopard complex spotting pattern (Lp), known in the USA as Appaloosa, and the genetic mutation that causes the pattern was the same as that seen in\u00a0Lphorses around the world.\u00a0 Comparison of the genomic region around\u00a0Lp\u00a0of the\u00a0Kyrg\u00a0horses to that found in other\u00a0Lp\u00a0horses from the US and Europe suggest, but does not prove, that the\u00a0Lp\u00a0mutation arose in Asia.\u00a0 More work in this area is needed, including sampling\u00a0Lp\u00a0horses from other parts of Asia.\u00a0 As well, somewhere around half the\u00a0Kyrg\u00a0horses we tested carried the genetic variant of the DMRT3 gene associated with a lateral gait.\u00a0 This variant, popularly known as the\u00a0Gait\u00a0Keeper Gene, is widely distributed worldwide but it was interesting to find it here because it is not commonly seen in Asia.\u00a0 Overall, the results of testing the\u00a0Kyrgyztan\u00a0horses have provided new insights into the\u00a0genetics of horses and have shown that more testing of horses from this part of the world could provide valuable information about the genetics of the horse.<\/p>\n

Doctor\u00a0Gus\u00a0Cothran<\/p>\n

Depending on\u00a0nomads\u00a0migration, I believe there were mixing of the blood of spotted horses with other breeds of horses. For example,\u00a0we can notice\u00a0the difference in the exterior of the Mongolian, Yakut, Altai and Kyrgyz breeds of the spotted horse.<\/p>\n

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But why, I emphasize that it was the Kyrgyz\u2019s\u00a0who were the first to breed this horse? Why not Kazakhs or Mongols? Here I rely on the data of the ancient Kyrgyz folklore, where the spotted horse is praised and all its qualities are\u00a0were\u00a0very clearly described. In the epic “Manas” the horse of the hero\u00a0was a spotted horse. Epic “Manas” is the largest in the world, included in the Guinness Book and included in the list of masterpieces of the intangible cultural heritage of mankind by UNESCO. It is very difficult to determine what period this epic belongs to, the first mentions of the epic date back to the 16th century.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In 1994,\u00a0the UN General Assembly\u00a0approved\u00a0aresolution to celebrate the 1000th anniversary of the\u00a0Manas\u00a0epic. Also, a lot has been said in Chinese history about the connection of the spotted horse with the nomadic people who lived in Central Asia.<\/p>\n

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Summarizing the above, I believe that the Altai region was the center\u00a0the spotted horse. The first breeders of the spotted horse were the Kyrgyz nomadic people.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

I would also like to draw your attention to how the spotted horse is called in different languages:<\/p>\n

In Kyrgyz:\u00a0Chaar<\/p>\n

In Kazakh:\u00a0Shubar<\/p>\n

In Russian:\u00a0chubaraya<\/p>\n

English:\u00a0chubbary<\/p>\n

In Altai:\u00a0Chookyr<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Unfortunately, in modern Kyrgyzstan the spotted horse\u00a0Chaar, along with horses of\u00a0the Kyrgyz breed, have met\u00a0many losses and hardships.<\/p>\n

Many horses during Tsarist Russia were exported to Russia for the purpose of crossing with other horse breeds, in order to improve their cavalry. Many horses were taken to the front during the Second World War, where almost all of them\u00a0were\u00a0died. Already during the Soviet Union, in the days of collective and state farms, Russian\u00a0zootechnicians\u00a0began to develop a new breed, “Novokirgizskaya”, which was distinguished by its high growth, crossing local horses with horses of other breeds brought from Russia.<\/p>\n

The Soviet Kyrgyz\u00a0people\u00a0began to gradually forget about the\u00a0Chaar\u00a0horse, under the propaganda of the Soviet government, they became more and more interested in horses of a different breed, higher, faster for short distances, but at the same time, these horses demanded more attention, feed, warmth (since they were not adapted to an independent lifestyle like spotted horses). Gradually, everyone forgot about the spotted horse\u00a0Chaar, its high qualities and how it helped the nomads in their difficult life. The spotted horse has disappeared into many herds, where horses of different breeds are mixed.<\/p>\n

Only occasionally can you now find the spotted horse\u00a0Chaar\u00a0in different regions, in different herds.<\/p>\n

Today the spotted horse\u00a0Chaar\u00a0is not registered anywhere in Kyrgyzstan, no one is engaged in professional breeding of this breed in the country.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Based on my personal ten years of experience in breeding and researching\u00a0of\u00a0this horse, I can say that this horse is very hardy, tolerates harsh climatic conditions well, has the “Jorgo” move (Indian shuffle),\u00a0carries\u00a0various\u00a0diseases well\u00a0than other breed,\u00a0can survive on grazing\u00a0on poor pastures or in winter time, height ranges from 138 cm to 160 cm, has a full range of colors inherent in the Appaloosa breed,\u00a0feels good during long rides\u00a0over rough terrain.<\/p>\n

I see\u00a0preservation of the\u00a0Chaaru\u00a0Suluu\u00a0horse breed, as part of the cultural traditions, historic heritage, and biological diversity of Kyrgyzstan.<\/p>\n

Chaar\u00a0horse is a\u00a0richness of\u00a0Kyrgyz culture, which is intertwined with many aspects of life of people in mountainous areas.<\/p>\n

One may ask why it is important for the culture. The culture is about shared\u00a0meaning that enable\u00a0people\u2019s communication and collaboration. Culture includes a vast universe of things – language, religious beliefs, literature, movies we watch and music we listen to, but also ways we behave in family and in the public, take care of children and parents. In this sense, culture is the foundational basis for development, it enables development. And having a joint heritage, as for instance the\u00a0Chaar\u00a0breed, is a way to strengthen the identity of Kyrgyz people, and to reinforce the pride and strengthen the social capital of communities.<\/p>\n

At the same time, culture is a driver for development. The cultural and historical heritage can be harnessed for tourism and converted into economic wealth by promoting unique identity, traditions, and cultural products\u00a0and services of a\u00a0region, towards generating jobs and revenue. Investing in the conservation of assets \u2013 like the\u00a0Chaar\u00a0horse breed, promoting cultural activities and traditional knowledge and skills developed by Kyrgyz people \u2013 may boost interest of foreign tourists to the country, be one of \u2018cherries on a cake\u2019 that distinguishes Kyrgyzstan from others. By this it can support alleviate the poverty, and contribute to sustainable incomes of people in mountains.<\/p>\n

It is critical to emphasize, that preserving natural species is not only about money. Historical legacy has a value of its own, for the identity of people, for the way people lived in mountainous areas, raised their children etc. In the same manner we can speak about other distinctive\u00a0elements of culture, like\u00a0wider horse-breeding culture, fascinating cuisine, yurts and others.<\/p>\n

It has also an inherent \u2013 not measurable by money – ecological importance for preserving the uniqueness of biological diversity.<\/p>\n

Sincerely,<\/p>\n

Munarbek\u00a0Kuldanbaev[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”2388″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]Everyone knows the history of the Appaloosa horse, which was bred in North America by the Nez Perce tribe, but how the spotted horse got to the American mainland is still a big question and a topic of heated debate among lovers and admirers of this beautiful breed. In this article, I would…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/internationalequineinformation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1541"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/internationalequineinformation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/internationalequineinformation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/internationalequineinformation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/internationalequineinformation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1541"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/internationalequineinformation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1541\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2392,"href":"https:\/\/internationalequineinformation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1541\/revisions\/2392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/internationalequineinformation.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1541"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}